Qu'est-ce que les composites en alliage de cuivre à haute performance ?

Copper and its alloys boast excellent mechanical properties and superior processability, facilitating easy casting and plastic working. More importantly, they exhibit good corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity, enabling their widespread application in industries such as electronics, electrical engineering, and mechanical manufacturing. Consequently, these materials hold immense potential for applications in numerous high-tech fields.

Copper and its alloys are known for their favorable mechanical properties and outstanding processability, making them easy to cast and undergo plastic deformation. Their remarkable corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity further expand their application scope to electronics, electrical engineering, and mechanical manufacturing industries. However, limitations in copper's room-temperature strength, high-temperature performance, and wear resistance restrict its broader utilization. With the rapid development of modern aerospace and electronic technologies, higher demands are placed on copper usage. Specifically, copper is required to maintain high strength, particularly excellent high-temperature mechanical properties, while preserving its good electrical and thermal conductivity. Additionally, materials with low thermal expansion coefficients and good friction and wear properties are desired.

For instance, China's first high-speed railway, the Beijing-Shanghai line, with a total investment of approximately $20 billion, commenced construction in 2008. The annual demand for contact wires is nearly 10,000 tons, highlighting the significant domestic and international market for the development of high-strength, high-conductivity, and high-wear-resistant copper alloy functional materials. Resistance welding electrodes, seam welding rollers, and integrated circuit lead frames also require high-strength, high-conductivity copper alloys. However, existing grades of copper and copper alloys struggle to balance high strength and high conductivity. Therefore, developing high-performance copper (alloy)-based functional composites through the introduction of appropriate reinforcing phases and leveraging the synergistic effects of the matrix and functional reinforcing phases has become a hot topic worldwide.

High-strength, high-conductivity copper alloys generally refer to copper alloys with tensile strengths (Gb) ranging from 2 to 10 times that of pure copper (350-2000 MPa) and electrical conductivity typically between 50% and 95% of copper (50-95% IACS). Internationally recognized ideal indicators are a tensile strength (δb) of 600-800 MPa and electrical conductivity of at least 80% IACS. The primary application areas for high-strength, high-conductivity copper alloys include ultra-large-scale integrated circuit lead frames in the electronics and information industry, electronic countermeasures, radar, high-power military microwave tubes, high-pulse magnetic field conductors for defense and military applications, nuclear equipment and carrier rockets, overhead conductors for high-speed rail transit, conductor bars and end rings for 300-1250 kW high-power variable-frequency variable-speed asynchronous traction motors, resistance welding electrode tips for the automotive industry, continuous casting machine molds for the metallurgical industry, and switch contact bridges for vacuum devices and electrical engineering. Thus, these materials hold immense potential for applications in numerous high-tech fields.